Logarithm Calculator
Calculate logarithms with different bases, natural logarithms, and common logarithms.
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Common Logarithm (Base 10)
Result
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Understanding Logarithms
What is a Logarithm?
A logarithm is the power to which a number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number.
If b^y = x, then log_b(x) = y
Example: log₁₀(100) = 2 because 10² = 100
Common Logarithm (Base 10)
The logarithm with base 10, often written as log(x) without an explicit base.
log₁₀(x) or simply log(x)
Used in engineering, physics, and for measuring quantities that vary over many orders of magnitude.
Natural Logarithm (Base e)
The logarithm with base e (≈ 2.71828), written as ln(x).
ln(x) = log_e(x)
Used in calculus, statistics, and for describing natural growth and decay processes.
Logarithm Properties
- log_b(xy) = log_b(x) + log_b(y)
- log_b(x/y) = log_b(x) - log_b(y)
- log_b(x^n) = n × log_b(x)
- log_b(1) = 0
- log_b(b) = 1
Applications of Logarithms
Science & Engineering
- pH scale in chemistry
- Decibel scale for sound intensity
- Richter scale for earthquake magnitude
- Stellar magnitude in astronomy
Mathematics & Computing
- Algorithm complexity analysis
- Information theory and entropy
- Number theory and cryptography
- Data compression techniques
Finance & Economics
- Compound interest calculations
- Economic growth modeling
- Financial market analysis
- Depreciation calculations
Biology & Medicine
- Population growth models
- Drug absorption rates
- Radioactive decay calculations
- Bacterial growth analysis
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