Logarithm Calculator

Calculate logarithms with different bases, natural logarithms, and common logarithms.

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Common Logarithm (Base 10)

Result

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Understanding Logarithms

What is a Logarithm?

A logarithm is the power to which a number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number.

If b^y = x, then log_b(x) = y

Example: log₁₀(100) = 2 because 10² = 100

Common Logarithm (Base 10)

The logarithm with base 10, often written as log(x) without an explicit base.

log₁₀(x) or simply log(x)

Used in engineering, physics, and for measuring quantities that vary over many orders of magnitude.

Natural Logarithm (Base e)

The logarithm with base e (≈ 2.71828), written as ln(x).

ln(x) = log_e(x)

Used in calculus, statistics, and for describing natural growth and decay processes.

Logarithm Properties

  • log_b(xy) = log_b(x) + log_b(y)
  • log_b(x/y) = log_b(x) - log_b(y)
  • log_b(x^n) = n × log_b(x)
  • log_b(1) = 0
  • log_b(b) = 1

Applications of Logarithms

Science & Engineering

  • pH scale in chemistry
  • Decibel scale for sound intensity
  • Richter scale for earthquake magnitude
  • Stellar magnitude in astronomy

Mathematics & Computing

  • Algorithm complexity analysis
  • Information theory and entropy
  • Number theory and cryptography
  • Data compression techniques

Finance & Economics

  • Compound interest calculations
  • Economic growth modeling
  • Financial market analysis
  • Depreciation calculations

Biology & Medicine

  • Population growth models
  • Drug absorption rates
  • Radioactive decay calculations
  • Bacterial growth analysis

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